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1) Question: What is adjusted gross income?
2) Question: I pay someone to care for my child while I work? Can I deduct this expense?
3) Question: What is an education savings account?
4) Question: What's the best filing status?
5) Question: Can I deduct a home office?
6) Question: Should I itemize my deductions?
7) Question: How long should I keep my tax records?
8) Question: What tax bracket am I in?
Question: What is adjusted gross income?
Answer: Your adjusted gross income (AGI) is your gross income reduced by deductions other than itemized deductions, the standard deduction, and personal exemptions. Deductions used to arrive at your AGI include business expenses, IRA contributions, student loan interest expense, alimony paid, and job-related moving expenses.
Your AGI determines whether you are eligible for more than two dozen tax benefits, such as tax credits, itemized deductions, and exemptions. As your AGI increases, the maximum amount you can claim for certain deductions and credits decreases. For example, your IRA contribution will not be deductible if you are covered under your employer's pension plan and your adjusted gross income exceeds certain limits.
Question: I pay someone to care for my child while I work? Can I deduct this expense?
Answer: No, but you may be able to claim a tax credit, which is more valuable than a tax deduction because it reduces your tax liability dollar for dollar.
You can take the child care credit if you pay someone to care for your child who is under the age of 13, or for a child or other dependent (any age) who is physically or mentally incapable of caring for themselves. You must have earned income in order to claim the credit, and you must need the child care to allow you to work.
The maximum credit is 35%. Eligible expenses are $3,000 for one child and $6,000 for two or more children.
Question: What is an education savings account?
Answer: Originally named education IRAs, these accounts are now called “Coverdell education savings accounts." An education savings account is a custodial savings account created to pay for a child’s school expenses at any accredited college, university, or vocational school. The funds can also be used for elementary and secondary (K-12) school expenses at public, private, or religious schools.
Education savings accounts allow anyone, not just parents, to contribute to an account for any child under age 18. The total contributions made for a child cannot exceed $2,000 per year. To contribute the full amount, your income must be under a certain level.
Contributions are not deductible, but the earnings in the account are never taxed if the money is used to pay for qualifying education expenses, such as tuition, fees, supplies, required equipment, and certain room and board expenses.
Education savings account funds must be used by age 30. If the money is not spent on college by the time the beneficiary is 30 years old, the unspent money must be withdrawn (subject to income tax and a 10% penalty) or rolled over into another family member's education IRA.
Question: What's the best filing status?
Answer: The "best" filing status for you depends upon which status you can qualify for and your particular circumstances. Tax savings are only one consideration when selecting your filing status. For example, you might not want to file a joint return with your spouse for personal reasons. Here are the five filing statuses and the qualifications you must meet to use them.
Single - You can use this status if you are unmarried at the end of the year.
Head of household - You can choose this status if you are single at the end of the year, and you have a dependent and meet certain requirements. In some cases, married, but separated individuals can also use this status. If you're eligible to claim head of household status, you'll probably pay less tax than filing as a single taxpayer.
Married filing joint - You can use this status if you are married at the end of the year. However, you cannot use this status if you are legally separated on the last day of the year.
Married filing separate - You can use this status if you are married, but choose not to file a joint return with your spouse or if you are legally separated on the last day of the year.
Qualifying widow(er) - You can choose this status if your spouse died in the last two years, you claim a dependent, and you meet certain other requirements. You then can use the more favorable tax rates for married filing jointly rather than the rates for single taxpayers.
Question: Can I deduct a home office?
Answer: If you run a business from home, you may be entitled to a home office deduction. Your business space doesn't have to take up an entire room, but you have to use that space exclusively for business purposes.
You must also meet at least one of the following conditions:
1) |
Your home must be your “principal place of business." In other words, it's the only place you have to conduct administrative and management activities, such as billing customers, keeping the books, setting up appointments, or placing orders. |
2) |
You use the space to meet with your customers, clients, or patients. |
3) |
You use a space in a separate structure not attached to your home; for example, a detached garage. |
4) |
You use the space to store inventory or product samples, and your home is the only fixed location of your business. For example, you are an outside salesman, and you store product samples in your basement. |
5) |
You use the space as a licensed day-care facility. |
Caution: Taking the home office deduction will limit the tax-free gain on the future sale of your home. |
Question: Should I itemize my deductions?
Answer: If you have enough personal expenses, you may save income taxes if you itemize your deductions. Compare your itemized deductions with the standard deduction for your filing status, and use the larger of the two.
Itemized deductions include the following: |
1) |
Medical expenses - only to the extent they exceed 7.5% of your adjusted gross income. |
2) |
Taxes - this includes state and local taxes, real estate taxes, and personal property taxes. |
3) |
Interest you pay - such as home mortgage interest, certain points, and investment interest. |
4) |
Charitable gifts - this includes gifts of both cash and property. |
5) |
Casualty and theft losses - above certain thresholds. |
6) |
Unreimbursed job expenses - including job hunting expenses. |
7) |
Miscellaneous expenses - such as investment expenses and certain legal and accounting fees. |
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The standard deduction is indexed annually for inflation. Here are the standard deduction amounts for 2009. |
Filing
Status |
2009 |
Single |
$5,700 |
Married Returns & Surviving Spouse |
$11,400 |
Married filing separately |
$5,750 |
Head of household |
$8350 |
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Question: How long should I keep my tax records?
Answer: Just how long to keep your records is a matter of judgment and a combination of state and federal statutes of limitation. The IRS can audit your return for up to three years after you file a return. However, if you omit more than 25% of your income from a return, that period increases to six years. To be safe, keep tax records for seven years after the filing date
Question: What tax bracket am I in?
Answer: Your tax bracket (marginal rate) refers to the highest tax rate at which a portion of your income is taxed. In other words, the percentage that you will pay in taxes on your next dollar of taxable income.
For example, the 2009 tax rates for a single person are as follows:
Tax Rate |
Taxable Income |
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10% |
$0 - $8,350 |
15% |
$8,350 - $33,950 |
25% |
$33,950 - $82,250 |
28% |
$82,250 - $171,550 |
33% |
$164,550 - $372,950 |
35% |
$372,950- END |
Suppose you are single and you earn $38,000. After subtracting the standard deduction, personal exemption, and your IRA contribution, your taxable income is $24,050. The first $8,025 of your taxable income is taxed at a 10% rate. The remaining $16,025 of your income is taxed at a 15% rate. Because it's the highest rate that applies to some of your income, you are considered to be in the 15% bracket.
Note: The amount of income included in each bracket depends upon your filing status (i.e., single, married joint, married separate, or head of household). |
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